PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.